IRNSS vs GPS – Difference between IRNSS and GPS

IRNSS(india)vs GPS(america)

We will do the complete detail analysis of both IRNSS vs GPS system. We will differentiate both the system on several factors as the date of introduction, accuracy, range, the number of satellite cost and much more. So, let us find out which one is better IRNSS or GPS?

GPS is Global Position System introduced by the United States. GPS is the world’s first position system. It has a total of 31 satellites.

It is one of the important factors to find out the better system. Well, GPS has introduced 38 years ago in 1978 while IRNSS is introduced this year 2016. If we analyze this data then, we can easily rate GPS over IRNSS.

• IRNSS was first launched on 1st July 2013 to 28 April 2016.
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• GPS was first launched in February 1978. First and final date of the launch was not released due to the cold war.

Number of Satellite Launches of IRNSS vs GPS

The number of launches tells the number of the satellite launched by the system. It also shows the life and dependencies on satellite. IRNSS has 7 satellites while GPS has 72 satellites. But, GPS use only 31 satellites out of 70 satellites.

• IRNSS has launched a total number of 7 satellites in orbit.
• GPS has launched 72 satellites which are 10 times higher than IRNSS.

Constellation size of IRNSS vs GPS

It tells the number of satellites to synchronize together for providing a better location.

• IRNSS has 7 Satellites in Constellation
• GPS has 31 Satellites in Constellation.

Accuracy and Precision of IRNSS vs GPS

The clarity of the image matters the most. The more detailed image you see better you understand. If you see a wide range then, it is hard to find small objects between that ranges.

• IRNSS will have the precision of 10-20 meters for civilian use. It is expected that Military will have more precision.
• GPS has 5 meters coverage for civilian use. No official data released for Military use.

Range of IRNSS vs GPS

Range tells the total area covered by satellite

• IRNSS is a regional satellite system. It will show India and will have a range of 1,500 km from Indian region. India can see the border area till extended 1,500km.
  Note: More the number of satellites to be launched by ISRO to increase the range of IRNSS.
• GPS is a global satellite system. You can see any country any location using GPS system.

IRNSS-1A

IRNSS-1A was the first out of seven navigational satellite in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites to be placed ingeosynchronous orbit.^[27][28] It was built at ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore, costing ₹125 crore (US$19 million). It has a lift-off mass of 1380 kg, and carries a navigation payload and a C band ranging transponder, which operates in L5 band (1176.45 MHz) and S band (2492.028 MHz).^[30] An optimised I-1K bus structure with a power handling capability of around 1600 watts is used and is designed for a ten-year mission.^[31][32] The satellite was launched on-board PSLV-C22on 1 July 2013 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota.

IRNSS-1B

Satellite IRNSS-1B was placed in geosynchronous orbit on 4 April 2014^[34] aboard the PSLV-C24 rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.^[35][36] The satellite will provide navigation, tracking and mapping services.^[37]

The IRNSS-1B satellite weighs 1,432 kg and has two payloads: a navigation payload and CDMA ranging payload in addition with a laser retro-reflector. The payload generates navigation signals at L5 and S-band. The design of the payload makes the IRNSS system interoperable and compatible with GPS and Galileo.^[34] The satellite is powered by two solar arrays, which generate power up to 1,660 watts, and has a life-time of ten years.

IRNSS-1C[edit]

Satellite IRNSS-1C was placed in geostationary orbit on 16 October 2014^[40][41] aboard PSLV-C26 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.

The IRNSS-1C satellite has two payloads: a navigation payload and CDMA ranging payload in addition with a laser retro-reflector. The payload generates navigation signals at L5 and S-band. The design of the payload makes the IRNSS system interoperable and compatible with GPS and Galileo.^[34] The satellite is powered by two solar arrays, which generate power up to 1,660 watts, and has a life-time of ten years.

IRNSS-1D

IRNSS-1D is the fourth IRNSS satellite. It was launched using India's PSLV-C27 on 28 March 2015.

IRNSS-1E

IRNSS-1E is the fifth IRNSS satellite. It was launched on 20 January 2016 using India's PSLV-C31

IRNSS-1

IRNSS-1F is the sixth IRNSS satellite. It was launched on 10 March 2016 using India's PSLV-C32.

IRNSS-1G

IRNSS-1G is the seventh IRNSS satellite. It was launched on 28 April 2016 using India's PSLV-C33, which concludes the setting up of the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System.

Orbital height of IRNSS vs GPS

The orbital height tells the height of satellite from the earth sea level.

• IRNSS satellite has an orbital height of 36,000 km.
• GPS satellite has an orbital height of 20,180 km.

Cost of IRNSS vs GPS

This factor tells how much money efficient satellite system is.

• IRNSS cost about $212 million. This is very low as compare to any satellite system.
• There is no official declaration of GPS cost. But, every year over $1 billion is spent on GPS.

Which satellite system is better IRNSS or GPS?

No doubt that GPS is far better as compared to IRNSS. But, IRNSS is a new system and Indian government planned to put more satellites to increase the area of coverage. I would say it is not about which one is better. It should be about who provide much better data to world at free.

No doubt that GPS is far better as compared to IRNSS. But, IRNSS is a new system and Indian government planned to put more satellites to increase the area of coverage. I would say it is not about which one is better. It should be about who provide much better data to world at free.

Top 10 Mobile Technology Trends Which Will Rule 2017

Top 10 Mobile Technology Trends Which Will Rule 2017

1. Going More Mobiles.

2. Growing E-commerce.

3. Payment on-the-go.

4. Wearable Technology

5. It’s all in the clouds.

6. Streaming Technology.

7. All in One Apps.

8. Quicker app development cycles.

9. More free apps.

10. Cross Platform Functionality.

Mobile Technology today is one thing that sees a constant evolution in a matter of months. It is the one that constantly changes and will also stand the sands of time. But mobile technology is only ever as good as the app that functions on it. This is where mobile application developers come in to play. The growing market in app development has seen a boom in mobile technology especially in Asia. This is great news of mobile technology developers in India.

Today, the average mobile app usage in India has grown by at least 131% leading to the rise in mobile development companies in India. This has seen a steady growth in modern day app developers. Mobile technology in India is on the rise and will only get better as the years go by. With that in mind, here are 10 Mobile Technology trends that will rule 2016:

1. Going More Mobiles.

The entire world, let alone India is going mobile. Everyone today prefer their experiences on-the-go and smartphones aim to do just that. Smartphones are available in abundance and are also considered a necessity today making it accessible to all. For mobile application developers in India this just means more apps to be created in general. And that’s a good thing.

The advent and rise of mobile technology and smartphones alike will only seek to rise as time passes by and 2016 will be no exception to this. In 2016, it was found that India has 375 million internet users, of which 303 million were mobile internet users. The evolution of internet facilities will only propel the mobile usage in India for the future.

2. Growing E-commerce.

As of 2015, it’s been reported that 54% of all mobile users make use of e-commerce apps to shop and why not? Everyone likes to shop. The idea of shopping has seen a major overhaul these days. No longer is it feasible to many to actually make a physical trip to the mall to buy things when it all can be done online. Mobile applications make this possible allowing one to purchase virtually anything desirable.

Mobile application developers can be grateful as well since most Indian retailers have joined the push for mobile applications.

3. Payment on-the-go.

Everything works better on mobile now and it’s a trend that will only see physical offices soon be done away with. The trend has also seen a rise in India with mobile app developers constantly tweaking user experience options to make processes simpler.

4. Wearable Technology

What’s better than carrying a smartphone in your pocket? How about the fact that you can wear it? Wearable technology has seen a steady rise in the west over last year and has also made its way to the eastern side.

The advent of wearable technology such as the Apple Watch only widens the prospect for more creative apps. This new form of technology has been a hit since its inception and is begging for something new to push it even further. A dream come true for mobile application developers.

5. It’s all in the clouds.

Cloud app services have been around for a while now and have only grown more prominent with time. The need for storage facilities on-the-go has been a distant dream in the past but is now seen as somewhat of a necessity. This is especially the case with those who are constantly working on the fly and are in need of a quick storage facility. The public cloud service revenue has reached approximately USD 731 Million according to Gartner and is only expected to grow.

iCloud and Google drive have been the more prominent players in this app market but there have been other 3rd party players distributing free cloud services. With the need for such storage facilities growing in India, Mobile application developers are constantly needed to be on top of their game in maintaining server functionality.

6. Streaming Technology.

Streaming technology has been tossed around a lot in the past and has been seen as a major trend of late that will only seek to increase in stature. More and more as people opt for mobile experiences, so will be the increase in the use of streaming technology.

Everyone today wants to be entertained. Whether at home or on the bus, advancements in both internet and mobile based technologies have made it possible for people to stream all their services at any time. Be it Music or Video experiences, applications such as sound cloud and Youtube have made such experiences possible. What’s incredible is that such services are constantly optimized by mobile application developers to provide the best experience possible consuming the least bandwidth. The trend has only been growing of late and will only continue to do so.

7. All in One Apps.

As stated before, a piece of hardware is only ever as good as the software that runs it. Currently, there are over 750k different apps available to the consumer. Each app is created in such a way to cater to practically every need of a consumer. The idea behind such apps is to make a consumer’s workflow and processes simpler. And that’s what each of apps seek to achieve.

But a new trend these days is the creation of one app that caters to all needs. The conception of all in one apps has been seen as an advantage today since it would reduce the time taken to actually search for specific service apps. These service apps for example cater to many needs such as providing laundry or plumbing services. In India, mobile application developers have been working in tandem with such organizations to bring these convenience apps to the table so that consumers don’t really have to need to download multiple service apps.

8. Quicker app development cycles.

With time comes newer apps and therefore no need for older apps. Mobile application developers have been constantly tweaking their apps in such a way that it’s led to quicker development cycles.  

Today, more and more apps are rolled out like hot cakes. The need for speed these days has only advocated for such development cycles and even in a place like India, mobile application developers cater to such.

9. More free apps.

It’s a fact that most of the apps available today are free. Most people wonder as to how mobile application developers make their revenue when the product itself is free to the consumers. The answer is quite simple really, through ‘in-app’ purchases.

The idea works around the fact that if you as a consumer would like to use the app to the fullest of its potential, you’ll need to purchase the extra features. This means that while you get to use the basics of an app for free, in order to use to full package. In-app purchases are becoming the new trend in revenue generation for mobile application developers even in India.

10. Cross Platform Functionality.

This is another major trend these days. It is no secret that consumers today own more than one product in terms of mobile based technology. Personal Computing experiences have changed with the introduction of tabs that have been created and removing the need for performance laptops. The same applies to all iDevices. For example, the creation of the newly released iWatch only adds to Apples growing ecosystem.

Everybody knows that the iPhone is Apples flagship product. The introduction of the iWatch only broadens the technology ecosystem by bringing in a secondary experience to the iPhone through a connected network. This opens new opportunities to mobile application developers looking to bring in newer experiences. With the tech having only just been introduced to the Indian markets. It’s a great opportunity of mobile application developers in India to seize the opportunity here.

5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY TUTORIAL.

  5G Mobile Wireless Technology ( 5G WIRELESS            TECHNOLOGY TUTORIAL)

With the 4G telecommunications systems now starting to be deployed, eyes are looking towards the development of 5th generation or 5G technology and services.

Although the deployment of any wireless or cellular system takes many years, development of the 5G technology systems is being investigated. The new 5G technologies will need to be chosen developed and perfected to enable timely and reliable deployment.

The new 5th generation, 5G technology for cellular systems will probably start to come to fruition around 2020 with deployment following on afterwards.

5G mobile systems status.

The current status of the 5G technology for cellular systems is very much in the early development stages. Very many companies are looking into the technologies that could be used to become part of the system. In addition to this a number of universities have set up 5G research units focussed on developing the technologies for 5G

In addition to this the standards bodies, particularly 3GPP are aware of the development but are not actively planning the 5G systems yet.

Many of the technologies to be used for 5G will start to appear in the systems used for 4G and then as the new 5G cellular system starts to formulate in a more concrete manner, they will be incorporated into the new 5G cellular system.

The major issue with 5G technology is that there is such an enormously wide variation in the requirements: superfast downloads to small data requirements for IoT than any one system will not be able to meet these needs. Accordingly a layer approach is likely to be adopted. As one commentator stated: 5G is not just a mobile technology. It is ubiquitous access to high & low data rate services.

5G cellular systems overview

As the different generations of cellular telecommunications have evolved, each one has brought its own improvements. The same will be true of 5G technology.

• First generation, 1G:   These phones were analogue and were the first mobile or cellular phones to be used. Although revolutionary in their time they offered very low levels of spectrum efficiency and security.
• Second generation, 2G:   These were based around digital technology and offered much better spectrum efficiency, security and new features such as text messages and low data rate communications.
• Third generation, 3G:   The aim of this technology was to provide high speed data. The original technology was enhanced to allow data up to 14 Mbps and more.
• Fourth generation, 4G:   This was an all-IP based technology capable of providing data rates up to 1 Gbps.

Any new 5th generation, 5G cellular technology needs to provide significant gains over previous systems to provide an adequate business case for mobile operators to invest in any new system.

Facilities that might be seen with 5G technology include far better levels of connectivity and coverage. The term World Wide Wireless Web, or WWWW is being coined for this.

For 5G technology to be able to achieve this, new methods of connecting will be required as one of the main drawbacks with previous generations is lack of coverage, dropped calls and low performance at cell edges. 5G technology will need to address this.

5G specifications

Although the standards bodies have not yet defined the parameters needed to meet a 5G performance level yet, other organisations have set their own aims, that may eventually influence the final specifications.

Typical parameters for a 5G standard may include:

SUGGESTED 5G WIRELESS PERFORMANCE
PARAMETER	SUGGESTED PERFORMANCE
Network capacity	10 000 times capacity of current network
Peak data rate	10 Gbps
Cell edge data rate	100 Mbps
Latency	< 1 ms

These are some of the ideas being put forwards for a 5G standard, but they are not accepted by any official bodies yet.

Current research

There are several key areas that are being investigated by research organisations. These include:

• Millimetre-Wave technologies:   Using frequencies much higher in the frequency spectrum opens up more spectrum and also provides the possibility of having much wide channel bandwidth - possibly 1 - 2 GHz. However this poses new challenges for handset development where maximum frequencies of around 2 GHz and bandwidths of 10 - 20 MHz are currently in use. For 5G, frequencies of above 50GHz are being considered and this will present some real challenges in terms of the circuit design, the technology, and also the way the system is used as these frequencies do not travel as far and are absorbed almost completely by obstacles. Read more about 5G millimetre wave links
• Future PHY / MAC:   The new physical layer and MAC presents many new interesting possibilities in a number of areas:
  • Waveforms:   One key area of interest is that of the new waveforms that may be seen. OFDM has been used very successfully in 4G LTE as well as a number of other high data rate systems, but it does have some limitations in some circumstances. Formats being proposed include: GFDM, Generalised Frequency Division Multiplexing, as well as FBMC, Filter Bank Multi-Carrier, UFMC, Universal Filtered MultiCarrier. Each has its own advantages and limitations and it is possible that adaptive schemes may be employed, utilising different waveforms adaptively for the 5G mobile systems as the requirements dictate. This provides considerably more flexibility for 5G mobile communications. Read more about 5G waveforms
  • Multiple Access Schemes:   Again a variety of new access schemes are being investigated for 5G technology. Techniques including OFDMA, SCMA, NOMA, PDMA, MUSA and IDMA have all been mentioned. Read more about 5G multiple access schemes
  • Modulation:   Whilst PSK and QAM have provided excellent performance in terms of spectral efficiency, resilience and capacity, the major drawback is that of a high peak to average power ratio. Modulation schemes like APSK could provide advantages in some circumstances. Read more about5G modulation schemes
• Duplex methods:   There are several candidate forms of duplex that are being considered. Currently systems use either frequency division duplex, FDD or time division duplex, TDD. New possibilities are opening up for 5G including flexible duplex, where the time or frequencies allocated are variable according toth e load in either direction or a new scheme called division free duplex or single channel full duplex. This scheme for 5G would enable simultaneous transmission and reception on the same channel. Read more about 5G full duplex
• Massive MIMO:   Although MIMO is being used in many applications from LTE to Wi-Fi, etc, the numbers of antennas is fairly limited -. Using microwave frequencies opens up the possibility of using many tens of antennas on a single equipment becomes a real possibility because of the antenna sizes and spacings in terms of a wavelength.
• Dense networks   Reducing the size of cells provides a much more overall effective use of the available spectrum. Techniques to ensure that small cells in the macro-network and deployed as femtocells can operate satisfactorily are required.
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Other 5G concepts

      There are many new concepts that are being investigated and developed for the new 5th                  generation mobile system. Some of these include:

• Pervasive networks :   This technology being considered for 5G cellular systems is where a user can concurrently be connected to several wireless access technologies and seamlessly move between them.
• Group cooperative relay:   This is a technique that is being considered to make the high data rates available over a wider area of the cell. Currently data rates fall towards the cell edge where interference levels are higher and signal levels lower.
• Cognitive radio technology:   If cognitive radio technology was used for 5th generation, 5G cellular systems, then it would enable the user equipment / handset to look at the radio landscape in which it is located and choose the optimum radio access network, modulation scheme and other parameters to configure itself to gain the best connection and optimum performance.
• Wireless mesh networking and dynamic ad-hoc networking:   With the variety of different access schemes it will be possible to link to others nearby to provide ad-hoc wireless networks for much speedier data flows.
• Smart antennas:   Another major element of any 5G cellular system will be that of smart antennas. Using these it will be possible to alter the beam direction to enable more direct communications and limit interference and increase overall cell capacity.

There are many new techniques and technologies that will be used in the new 5G cellular or mobile telecommunications system. These new 5G technologies are still being developed and the overall standards have not yet be defined. However as the required technologies develop, they will be incorporated into the new system which will be defined by the standards bodies over the coming years.